ABSTRACT
Amid skyrocketing costs and student debt, much has been written about the increasing skepticism of whether a traditional four-year degree is “worth it.” The general consensus among outlets such as Forbes, The WSJ, and CNBC (each citing recent polls) is that families’ attitudes toward higher education is changing, due to sharply rising costs. This change does not favor traditional college degree programs. In the midst of this transformation, branded digital marketing certificates have presented themselves as a more economical alternative. Perhaps the most worrisome of which are the recently announced “Google Career Certificates,” which are six-month programs geared to prepare workers for the digital economy. Google leadership states these new certificates are meant to be the equivalent of a four-year degree given that “college degrees are out of reach for many Americans, and you shouldn’t need a college diploma to have economic security.” The purpose of this panel session is to discuss what the traditional marketing degree program response should be to the changing perceptions of value and increased competition. The potential consequences of Google entering higher education have been further exacerbated by impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Disruption that many thought leaders have been talking about for years was accelerated in the span of a few months. The result was a wave of student questions and criticism of the value of online education directed against even the most renowned institutions. While pandemic-related impacts to teaching modality may not be long-term, it will likely take much longer for student sentiment to recover. Evidenced by over seventy lawsuits currently pending against colleges and universities, this confluence of factors should not be ignored. Rather, we need to view this as an opportunity for existential reflection on the most basic of marketing principles as they apply to higher education as a marketable service. As such, in this panel session, the following questions will be addressed by a diverse group of stakeholders: Will industry and prospective students/families accept these certificates as a substitute to a traditional degree? How should traditional marketing degree programs adapt or change program offerings to be more competitive/appealing? What is academia’s value proposition? How do we communicate this effectively with prospective students and their families? How do we train students on technologies many professors have never themselves used? Are there opportunities for public/private collaboration that provide technical skills, produce job-ready graduates, and lower costs? What could these look like? Student, industry, and academic representatives will discuss these questions and engage the audience in a lively conversation about the future of marketing education and the changing role of marketing academics. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
ABSTRACT
Background and importance In 2014, the hospital pharmacy started a project to implement a central intravenous additive service (CIVAS) unit. A pre-feasibility study was performed, a new class C clean room equipped with the robotic system APOTECA unit was built and the fully automated aseptic production process was validated. In 2016, the CIVAS started producing standard doses of chemotherapy supportive treatments (palonosetron, ondansetron, dexamethasone) in readyto- administer form for the oncology and haematology units. The production was then shifted to antibiotics (cefazolin, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftriaxone) and pantoprazole for infectious disease, cardiac surgery and emergency medicine departments. Currently, the in-advance production of batch preparations at CIVAS is mainly based on daily consumption and performed by one pharmacy technician and one pharmacist (0.25 full time equivalent each). The working day is from 8am to 4pm (Monday-Friday). Aim and objectives The aim of this study was to analyse the performance of the CIVAS over the past year and evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the increasing demands for sterile antibiotics by emergency departments. Material and methods Overall CIVAS production, dosage accuracy and average production time (APT) of each ready-toadminister preparation were evaluated over a period of 12 months (from September 2019 to August 2020). Data were collected from the APOTECA statistical tool. Results 12 215 preparations were compounded, of which 26% were in syringe (1 g cefazolin, APT 125 s) and 74% in 100 mL NaCl 0.9% infusion bags (55% for 4.5 g piperacillin-tazobactam, ATP 203 s;14% for 40 mg pantoprazole, ATP 196 s;5% for 2 g ceftriaxone, ATP 177 s). Average dosage accuracy for all preparations was 98.9±1%. During the peak of Italy's COVID-19 outbreak (March 2020), weekly production increased by 28%. The production of pantoprazole remained steady, while piperacillin-tazobactam and ceftriaxone for the emergency departments increased considerably (+19% and 9%, respectively) and cefazolin for the cardiac surgery department decreased by 26%. Conclusion and relevance Implementation of a fully automated CIVAS allows measuring and controlling every step of the production process for ready-to-administer preparations. The study showed that CIVAS met increasing demands for sterile antibiotics during the pandemic crisis, thereby supporting the emergency units and providing the highest level of quality and safety.
ABSTRACT
The authors describe the telehealth approach and the evolution of the rehabilitation activities during COVID-19 emergency in the Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit of the "IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico" of Milan. They focus on strengths and weaknesses of telepractice during the pandemic evolution and discuss possible future evolutions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Italian) Gli Autori descrivono l'evoluzione e la ridefinizione dei trattamenti riabilitativi in NPIA nel corso dell'emergenza COVID-19 nell'Unita Operativa di Neuropsichiatria dell'Infanzia e dell'Adolescenza della Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano. Nello specifico vengono illustrati i cambiamenti nell'attivita riabilitativa, punti di forza e di debolezza nel corso delle tre fasi che hanno contraddistinto, ad oggi, l'emergenza sanitaria e discusse le prospettive future. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Infectious diseases in the suckling period of pigs are common and cause financial losses. To improve the health of the piglets and decrease the use of antibiotic drugs, sufficient immunological protection is necessary. In suckling piglets, the oral intake of antibodies is a highly effective measure for protection. We tested whether antibodies in spray-dried blood plasma of pigs can be absorbed by newborn piglets after oral application. Materials and Methods: The spray-dried plasma was positive for antibodies against the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), the porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2), the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, the porcine parvovirus and others. The study was conducted on 210 suckling piglets in a pig breeding farm in Austria. The newborn piglets were randomly divided into four groups: K, P, P+bov and P24. Group K received no treatment;group P received spray-dried plasma orally before the first intake of colostrum;group P+bov received spray-dried plasma dissolved in bovine colostrum;and group P24 received spray-dried plasma 24 hours after birth. In addition to blood samples of the mother sows, blood samples were taken from the piglets on days zero, one, seven, ten and 14 after application of the spray-dried plasma. The serum was tested by ELISA for the antibodies in the spray-dried plasma. The antibody resorption and clinical outcome were compared between the groups.